Biology Major Research

In the design process, it was found that the requirements of different biological laboratories are very different, so they should be roughly classified and summarized, because the general laboratory I envisaged before was proved to be suitable only for biotechnology large categories, and microorganisms require additional design.

All information from wiki.

There are following several subjects in the biology department of the University of Auckland on its website.

• Biomedicine
• Biotechnology
• Ecology
• Evolutionary biology
• Genetics
• Marine, freshwater and animal biology
• Microbiology
• Molecular biology
• Plant sciences

1.Biomedicine 

Biomedicine is a branch of medicine responsible for applying biotechnology and other natural science theories to clinical practice. Biomedicine mainly uses knowledge of biology and physiology. Biomedicine is related to health and biology related fields, and has been playing an important role in the health system since the last century.

Biomedicine has many sub-disciplines and professional fields, and its name usually starts with "bio-" (bio-), such as:

• Molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, cell biology, embryology,

• Nanobiotechnology, bioengineering, laboratory medical biology,

• Cytogenetics, genetics, gene therapy

• Bioinformatics, biostatistics, systems biology,

• Microbiology, virology, parasitology

• Physiology, pathology,

• Pharmacology and toxicology, many people think that life science can be applied to medicine.

General category, practical category, including molecular biology, biotechnology, genetics, microbiology, etc., is a large concept group

2.Biotechnology 

Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences, such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.

Sub-category, practice, insulin, yeast, antibiotics, etc., specific pharmaceutical disciplines

3.Ecology 

Ecology is a branch of biology^[1] concerning interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment, which includes both biotic and abiotic components. Topics of interest include the biodiversity, distribution, biomass, and populations of organisms, as well as cooperation and competition within and between species. Ecosystems are dynamically interacting systems of organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and niche construction, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits.

The main category, which contains the ecology of animals and plants, is mainly based on macro research. Because the micro is divided into other majors, I feel that I need to go to the field frequently.

4.Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology (English: evolutionary biology) is a branch of biology, which is concerned with the study of the evolution of the diversity of life on the earth. People who study evolutionary biology are called an evolutionary biologist. Evolutionary biologists study the origin of species and the origin of new species.

Subcategories, for studying the origin of species, Prometheus warning, engineer warning

5.Genetics

Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

Though heredity had been observed for millennia, Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar working in the 19th century, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.

Sub-category, research genetics, included in the biomedical category, requires a lot of cultivation, requires accurate artificial conditions

6.Marine, freshwater and animal biology

Marine biology is the scientific study of marine life, organisms in the sea. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy.

Many species are economically important to humans, including both finfish and shellfish. It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter (such as the carbon cycle) and of air (such as Earth's respiration, and movement of energy through ecosystems including the ocean). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored.

Zoology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōion, i.e. "animal" and λόγος, logos, i.e. "knowledge, study".^[1]

Main category, practical class, dealing with animals

7.Microbiology

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells).^[1][2] Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology and parasitology.

Eukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organisms—all of which are microorganisms—are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea.^[3][4] Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means.^[5] Microbiologists often rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence based identification, for example 16s rRNA gene sequence used for bacteria identification.

Sub-category, research on microorganisms, biohazard warning

8.Molecular biology

Molecular biology /məˈlɛkjʊlər/ is the branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions.^[1][2] The central dogma of molecular biology describes the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA then translated into protein. ^[2][3]

Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy whereas the use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine. Molecular biology also plays important role in understanding formations, actions, and regulations of various parts of cells which can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and understand the physiology of the cell. ^[5]

Subcategories, studying cell-cell interactions, new-type warning

9.Plant sciences

Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), "to feed" or "to graze".^[1][2][3] Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants),^[4] and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes.^[5]

Subcategory, Research Plants, Teldrassil Warning